In vitro, growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn (HEHR 50-500 µg.ml-1) seeds were investigated on human leukemia (HL-60) cells by Trypan blue exclusion assay while mutagenic effect of HEHR (10-500 µg.ml-1) was evaluated by ames assay using salmonella typhimurium strain (TA-98 and TA-100). All the concentrations of HEHR (50-500µg/ml) produced extremely significant cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effect after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The IC50 value of HEHR on cytotoxicity was found to be 328.67 ± 23.3 and 156.0 ± 12.1 µg/ml at 48 and 72 h respectively on HL-60 cells. Only HEHR (500 µg/plate) produced extremely significant (p<0.001) mutagenic effect on TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without S9 liver mix but all other concentrations were non-significant. Mutagenic effect was more on TA98 strain (frame-shift mutations) compared to TA100 strain (base-pair substitutions). Our results indicate that anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect of HEHR is not completely due to its mutagenic effect which occurred only with 500µg/ml concentration but all other concentrations used also showed anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects. Effect of HEHR may also due to the presence of very rich phytoconstituents such as vitamin-E and K, sterol, carotenoides (β-carotene and lycopene etc.), flavonoides etc.
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